In Sri Lanka, traditional medical knowledge has been preserved and transmitted through lineages of medical practitioners, where knowledge is passed from master to student, often within families. These lineages or pedigrees each developed their own specialties and treatment techniques. Historically, kings, nobles, and monks served as physicians and surgeons, with royal patronage ensuring the continuity of these healing traditions. Traditional doctors, often respected village leaders, were recognized by unique titles, and each family lineage (pedigree) developed its own specialties and treatment methods. The healing practices integrate elements of Buddhism, Hinduism, and other Eastern spiritual beliefs. Beyond medicine, healing includes spiritual and ritual practices such as Shanthikarma—traditional healing ceremonies using dance, music, and performance to cure ailments and restore balance.