CABSIN and CIBS/FIOCRUZ are leading a collaborative initiative to recover historical knowledge and compile pharmacological and toxicological data on 621 native Brazilian medicinal plants, drawing from five classical treatises published between the 17th and 20th centuries. The project involves selecting key historical documents, conducting an extensive literature review to build a scientific database, analyzing the collected data to establish a research agenda for potential inclusion in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, and promoting the national and regional bioeconomy to strengthen public health systems.